How to ensure Compliance with SOx and NOx requirements

Written by Capt Rajeev Jassal on August 25, 2017

Air pollution is a real thing. And the world can already see what damages it is causing.

Air pollution has caused a drastic increase in the number of Asthma patients.

Air pollution has caused acid rain which damages the ecology.

And air pollution is the main contributor to global warming.

So air pollution is a real thing and we need to act today.

That is what IMO must have said to itself in the year 1997 when it adopted Annex VI to the Marpol convention.

Air pollution, Global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion. No matter how big words these may seem, it is not that tough to bring our contribution in preventing these.

All we have to do is comply with the Annex VI of the Marpol. The first step towards compliance is the knowledge of what is expected from we seafarers.

In this post, I will discuss 10 things we ought to know about Marpol Annex VI.

Let us start.

1. SOx

This is one of the components that Annex VI aims to reduce from burning of ship’s fuel.

SOx is the short form of Sulpher oxides and the most common sulphur oxides gases are Sulpher dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3).

In the third IMO Green house gases study, MEPC noticed that shipping contributes to the 13% of the total SOx emissions.

When averaged for the years 2007 to 2012, a total of 11.3 million tonnes of SOx gases were emitted from the ships.

The question is, how SOx emission from the shipping can be reduced.

And there are only two possible ways

Burn less or no fuel
Use fuel containing as low sulphur as possible

Though optimizing speed for better fuel efficiency is encouraged by all the stakeholder, it is something that cannot be enforced upon.

The thing that can be enforced is the use of low sulphur fuel on board ships.

MARPOL Annex VI does exactly that.

As per regulation 14 of the MARPOL annex VI

The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits:

4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012;
3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012; and
0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020.

Of course, the first limit of 4.5% m/m is no more valid as we are already past 1 January 2012 deadline.

These limits are reduced when the ship is operating within an emission control area.

1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010; and
1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010;
0.10% m/m on and after 1 January 2015

Fuel Changeover procedures

When a ship is going to emission control area, it needs to change the fuel consumption to the low sulphur fuel as required.

This change over requires that before entering into the ECA, all the components of the fuel system must be using low sulphur fuel.

These components include

Main engine
Boilers
Associated Fuel oil pumps
Associated pipelines

Ship’s staff should be aware of the time required for this change over and how this fuel change over is to be executed.

Marpol Annex VI requires that

Each ship shall carry a written procedure showing how the fuel oil changeover is to be done. This shall allow sufficient time for the fuel oil service system to be fully flushed of all fuel oils exceeding the applicable sulphur content prior to entry into an emission control area.

Marpol annex VI also requires that record is maintained for all fuel oil change-over carried out before entry into ECA and after exit from ECA.

The record must contain at least the following information

Tank wise Soundings and volume of low sulphur fuel oil
Date, time and position fuel change over started
Date, time and position fuel change over completed
Date, time and position of entry into ECA
Date, time and position on exit from ECA

2. NOx

As with the SOx, NOx too is the major air pollutant that is seriously harmful.

In the third IMO Green house gases study, MEPC noticed that shipping contributes to the 15% of the total NOx emissions.

But unlike SOx, NOx gases are not generated by burning the fuel but by the process of burning the fuel.

NOx gases are produced from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases present in the air during the combustion process.

This reaction takes place at the high temperatures which the combustion of fuel in the engine provides.

So how the NOx can be reduced from the ship’s diesel engine?

It can only be reduced by the design of the diesel engine.

Well, I do not have a technical bone in my body so I won’t go into detail of what design changes can produce lesser NOx.

But for the purpose of understanding the requirements of Annex VI, we just need to know that NOx emission can be reduced by the better design of the ship’s engine.

Now there are certain NOx emission levels set by the MARPOL Annex VI. The requirements of these emission levels are divided into three tiers.

Tier I
Tier II
Tier III

A Marine diesel engine that is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2000 and prior to 1 January 2011 fall under Tier I.

A Marine diesel engine that is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2011 fall under Tier II.

Tier III requirements are

for the ships operating in an emission control area designated for Tier III NOx control
for the ship is constructed on or after 1 January 2016 and is operating in the North American Emission Control Area or the United States Caribbean Sea Emission Control Area

Compliance with NOx emission

We have so far seen what NOx is and what Marpol Annex VI requires in terms of NOx emissions.

But the question is, how do we know if the amount of NOx gases emitted by the ship’s engine is within the required levels?

How do we prove the compliance with required NOx standards on board?

Compliance with NOx emission involves few parameters and records. Let us discuss this one by one.

Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (EIAPP)

Hearing about this certificate for the first time? Get your hands on this certificate next time you are on board.

EIAPP certificate must be present on board. And this certificate needs to be for each of the diesel engines more than 130KW on board.

Why 130KW?

Because the NOx requirements are applicable for diesel engines more than 13oKW power.

Now say, the ship is fitted with one main engine and three auxiliary engines (generators). There needs to be EIAPP certificate for all these.

Now, what does EIAPP certificate certify?

EIAPP certificate is issued after the engine is found to be complying with the NOx emission requirements during the pre-certification survey.

The pre-certification means the survey done before fitting the engine on board the ship.

Having an EIAPP certificate on board shows that the engine fitted on board was complying with the NOx parameters and an engine of correct specifications was fitted on board.

International Air pollution prevention certificate (IAPP)

After the engines are fitted on the ship, the test is again done on the engines for compliance with the NOx criteria.

This test is required because when the engine is fitted on board ships, some changes/modifications might have been done on the engines.

This test proves that the engine still complies with the NOx requirements even after fitting on the ship.

If the engines are found to in compliance with the NOx criteria of annex VI, International air pollution prevention certificate is issued to the ship.

NOx on board Verification

Having EIAPP and AIPP certificates on board proves that the engine of the correct specification is fitted on board.

It proves that when the engine was fitted on board, the NOx emissions from the engine were within limits and as required by MARPOL annex VI.

But how can we prove that even after 10 or 20 years in operation, the ship’s engines still comply with these requirements?

There are three ways in which ship can prove that it still complies with the NOx requirements.

Engine Parameter Check method
Simplified Measurement method
Direct Measurement and Monitoring method

The method that the ship is certified to use for on board verification of NOx is specified in the EIAPP certificate of the engine.

And the procedure to verify on board compliance (and using the certified method) is provided in the NOx technical file that accompany the EIAPP certificate of the engine.

The “simplified measurement” and “Direct measurement and monitoring” methods are based on measuring the NOx emissions from the engine.

Frankly, I seldom see these two methods used for NOx on board verification.

What I have mostly seen is the Engine parameter check method used on the ships for NOx on board verification. May be because of the simple principle it is based upon.

Engine parameter check method

This method is based on the principle that if the engine complied with the NOx parameters at the time it was fitted on board, it should continue to comply if there are no modifications/adjustment made to the engine.

This is really a simple and logical thing to say.

And as there are absolutely no extra costs involved to use this method, this method is most common among ship owners.

So there are few things that are required from this method that we must know.

We must know the engine parts that contribute to the NOx emission. Modification and adjustments of these parts must be as per the Maker’s guidelines.
If any of these spare parts of the engine need to be changed, it must be changed with the original part supplied by the maker.
Any adjustments made to these parts must be within the range specified by the maker of the engine.
A record must be kept of all the replacements of the spare parts and all the adjustments made to these parts.

Durning annual, intermediate and renewal survey of the Air pollution prevention certificate, these records, and engine parameters are checked by the class surveyor.

The international air pollution prevention certificate is endorsed or renewed on the basis of these verifications by the class surveyor.

NOx Technical file

So I said for the NOx compliance with engine parameter check method, the parameters of the engines need to be same throughout the life of the engine.

But where can we find these parameters for the engines fitted on board?

Where can we find the list of components that affect the NOx emission from the engine?

These all parameters are there in the NOx technical file.

NOx Technical File is a record containing all details of parameters, including components and settings of an engine, which may influence the NOx emission of the engine.

So there is one NOx technical file for each engine for which an
EIAPP certificate is issued.

NOx technical file contains information about

identification of those components, settings and operating values of the engine which influences its NOx emissions
Allowable adjustments on the engine
on board NOx verification procedures to verify compliance with the NOx emission limits during on board verification surveys

Conclusion

Marpol annex VI requires that ship must comply with the SOx and NOx emission requirements set out in the convention.

Seafarers must be aware of how to ensure compliance with SOx and NOx emissions.

Compliance with SOx is simple. Just use the fuel with sulphur content as per the limitation set for the area the ship is trading. Ship staff must have the procedures to change over from high sulphur to low sulphur fuels.

The compliance with NOx is ensured if

the ship has EIAPP certificate for each of the diesel engine fitted on board
The ship has a valid Air pollution prevention certificate
All the components of the engine are maintained as per the NOx technical file provided on board for each diesel engine.

When we do so, not only we can sleep peacefully, we can also take pride for contributing towards making the earth a better place to live.

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About Capt Rajeev Jassal

Capt. Rajeev Jassal has sailed for over 24 years mainly on crude oil, product and chemical tankers. He holds MBA in shipping & Logistics degree from London. He has done extensive research on quantitatively measuring Safety culture onboard and safety climate ashore which he believes is the most important element for safer shipping.

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73 Comments

Rahul

7 years before

Nicely explained sir.

Rajeev Jassal

7 years before

Thanks Rahul...

Luka

6 years before

Sir please make a blog about oil discharging procedures as per marpol

hhzd

2 years before

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Avinash Karnad

7 years before

Sir, could you clarify on the following: 1) what does % m/m mean? 2) the IMO website states different dates for special areas with regards to "date of entry into force" and "in effect from".

Rajeev Jassal

7 years before

%m/m is the percentage of mass per mass. So if 1 gram of sulphur is present in 1 kg (1000 grams) of oil, it will be 0.1 % m/m. I leave the maths up to you...

Farhan Maktabay

7 years before

Finally understood Annex VI completely....Thanks a tonne

Rajeev Jassal

7 years before

Thanks Farhan...

Shubham

7 years before

finally i got it man , thanks a ton man

Rajeev Jassal

7 years before

Thanks...

Gokul Rajaram

7 years before

Very eloquent in explaining !

Rajeev Jassal

7 years before

Thanks Gokul...

ARUNAVA MAZUMDER

7 years before

Hi Mr.Jassal, really u have so nicely & so easily make us understood.Thanks for ur contribution.The fundamental was missing from all other books i read.Preparing for my orals now; at least in this section i would be more comfortably than the surveyor i think.

Rajeev Jassal

7 years before

Glad you found it useful Arunava...

Siddharth Gaur

6 years before

Amazing work in a simple manner.Keep the good work going sir.

Rajeev Jassal

6 years before

Glad you liked it Siddharth...

Priyankar Mitra

6 years before

Thank you for the explanation. I have a further query, if there is no approved NOX spare onboard then what will be the correct course of action ?

Ercan Altay

6 years before

I read many times annex vi but first time covered full thank you very much Capt. Rajeev

Masud Ahmed

6 years before

Its very clear to me now.tnks.

krunal

6 years before

sir hats off to you.. before i thoght EIAPP AND IAPP WOULD BE THE SAME..BUT NOW I KNW...THANK YOU SIR..

Ankit Singh

6 years before

I had searched Google about nox, sox...earlier but there was only 9 ways to reduce this 5 ways to increase that and so on... Finally found your article! Nicely explained crucial points.

Prashant reddy

6 years before

thank u sir. explained in simple language. finally understood sox and nox.

Alexandr

6 years before

I'm very appreciate You for Yrs detailed and edifying lecture.

Tharindu Kahanda

6 years before

Good job....thank you..sir...

TINTUN

6 years before

It is required to be updated every engine maintenance job done all jobs under Technical file section D? replace/overhaul.

Etinyene Johnson

6 years before

Sir please am carrying out a research on pollution from engine exhaust, and I will need your help. This is my email- etinyenejohnson@gmail.com Thanks

Ankur Khare

6 years before

Thanks for the explanation, it was simple and easy to understand. Very helpful read.

Amit Dhiman

6 years before

For SOx controlling an alternative is "Exhaust Gas Cleaning"

joel basco

6 years before

kindly explain how to accomplish nox record, specially the difference of ID number and parts number portions for FO inj. nozzle. tnx.

jojo abadiano

5 years before

thank you for the very useful information. my question is, is there a form which must be filled up just in case you renew or check a specific part of an engine? example nozzles,plunger and barrel. because recently we were inspected by an port state and he is looking for a form which must be filled up when i change a nozzle of a generator engine.

DEEPAK SINGH

5 years before

no comparison to this extremely easy way of explanation. I worry to wonder if you ever stopped writing articles. Please never do. In my opinion seafarer fraternity has never seen any such source of bright knowledge anywhere in books or internet; even the teachers. As a fellow seafarer, I am ready to extend any support whatsoever , should you require in this process of sharing your knowledge. You undoubtedly put a lot of efforts in gathering the quality of material that we are able to access with just single easy click. Thanks a lot captain

MANISH KUMAR

5 years before

Thanks sir

samitha wickramarathne

5 years before

thank you very much sir...

Khushru Irani

5 years before

Outstanding information!

Ephraim Gbadeh

5 years before

Well said sir. Thanks so much for such brilliant explanation. It's really essential that we, seafarers, have such knowledge in order to save our universe!!!

Monica Nancy Candny

5 years before

Thanks so much sir, for this good information. Its very important for us, seafarers, to have a good knowledge about air pollution in order to save the world.

bob

5 years before

What about frequency of verification, monthly?annual?need your wise suggestion.

SIVARAMAN BABU

5 years before

Very nicely explained sir

David

5 years before

Many thanks for your detailed explanation!

Krishna

5 years before

Kindly explain HSSC and ESP

kaushik dutta

5 years before

thanks a ton for explaining this nox technical file in such a way .

Pestmonster

5 years before

It clearly and easily understood by everyone. Thanks for the explanation http://humatech.co.kr/index.php?lan=eng

Huma-I http://humatech.co.kr/bbs/content.php?co_id=e_cont_0201

5 years before

Thanks so much sir, for this good information.

Huma-i

5 years before

Nicely explained crucial points. air quality monitor

Farooque

5 years before

Excellent explanation Great job sir!!!!

Matt Mathew

5 years before

"You can only buy replacement parts from the original supplier" Whilst engine builders may try to convince you of this, it is simply untrue. The engine’s NOx technical file must be supplied to the vessel upon delivery and this technical document gives all the parameters for all NOx influencing components and the requirements stipulated must be met irrespective of supplier in order to renew your environmental certificate. But In order for the class society to reissue the environmental certificate for the vessel, a surveyor needs to check all components and settings using the NOx technical file as reference. This process and the supporting documentation must be supplied to them irrespective of where the replacement is purchased.

Yadnesh Kuveskar

4 years before

sir, your Simple way of explaining clears so many doubts.

Muhammad Hafiz

4 years before

Very nicely presented.

Amar anand

4 years before

sir please write blog on MLC and STCW

Amar anand

4 years before

Great Work Sir....who says you do not have technical bone.....I am an engineer....You have very good knowledge which many engineers is not having....keep doing good work sir...

Sajid

3 years before

Very nice

Yokesh sekar

3 years before

Hi sir...your contents are great, helping me a lot for class 2 exam now ...keep do more...thank you

Sarjil

3 years before

Very well explained nox n sox..

jagadesh

2 years before

Hii Sir, Your blog is very useful. Could you please share the procedures for conducting Nox spot test in SCR onboard for Annual survey to renew IAPP Certificate.

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If measurement and monitoring methods are not mandatory, and not used, is it therefore impossible to prove that even after 10 or 20 years in operation, the ship’s engines still comply with these requirements?

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Mary Elliott

1 year before

I'm so happy that I finally won $13.3 million Mega Millions lottery jackpot, I took an advice from some person who talked about this great spell caster called Dr Emmanuel the person placed a testimonies on a blog saying how Dr Emmanuel helped him win the lottery by sending him the winning number I was curious and I thought it was all joke not until I contacted this spell caster to know for myself how this work cause I have spend a lot buying tickets and I never win. I contacted him and he told me the necessary thing that need to be done and I did it and he told me to wait for 3days and truly he gave me the winning numbers to play the lottery which I did, Can you believe my name was the first among winners. He told me (my son all I need you to do for me is make sure that you share this testimonies to others so that they can also win the lottery cause I do not have much time to spend on the internet) so that is why I am sharing this testimony with you that if you want to win the lottery this is how you will reach him through his Email address: dremmanuellottoryspellcaster@gmail.com call him or whats-app +1(332)253-4306 This the only answer to that your problem of winning the lottery.

Mary Elliott

1 year before

BRYAN

1 year before

i just want to say a big thanks to Dr Oniha for what he has done for me, i contacted him at the point of my needs and he came through for me, he said he was gonna help me and he did, i played lottery for 20 years and couldn’t win a dime, at a point i was disappointed and almost gave up, but then another thought came to my mind why don’t i try a lotto spell since i have already heard about people doing it, and then i decided that i will give it a try, but there was a lot of spell casters online this got me confused that i didn’t know which to pick, i decided to follow my instinct and i picked Dr Oniha i sent him an email and waited for couple of hours no reply, at this point i was already anxious and eager to get a reply from him and then i sent him a test on his WhatsApp and immediately he responded i told him what i wanted and he gave me assurance that i must win after his spell, i did what was asked of me, behold i hit the jackpot. i am so so happy to share this here because i have never seen a miracle like this before, thank you so much Dr Oniha you are a life saver. Anyone out there can also talk to him if you need his assistance too, that is why i'm testifying about his good work so people in need can reach out to him. Call/Whatsapp number: +16692213962 EMAIL: ONIHASPELLTEMPLE@GMAIL.COM

BRYAN

1 year before

Alora Rivas

1 year before

My boyfriend of 2 years broke up with me last week. I wasn’t eating and i wasn’t talking to anybody, I cried a lot, I was so depressed and stressed out that I ended up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression. One day as i was searching online on getting love tips because I Love & care about him deeply and I just want us to be together as a couple again. I found a powerful man Called Ilekhojie that he solved so many relationship problem…… so i contacted him and explain everything to him, then Dr Ilekhojie told me he will come back to me within 48hrs after after he helps me with a reconciliation spell. It worked perfectly as he promised and David retured and started asking for me to accept him back. Am so happy now that Dr Ilekhojie has done as he promised. Contact Dr Ilekhojie as his 100% guaranteed and effective. Email him at (gethelp05@gmail.com WhatsApp +2348147400259

Vivian Marcus

1 year before

Hello my name is Vivian Marcus from the United State, i'm so exciting writing this article to let people seek for help in any Break up Marriage and Relationship, Dr Kachi brought my Ex Boyfriend back to me, Thank you Sir Kachi for helped so many Relationship situation like mine to be restored, i was in pain until the day my aunt introduce me to Dr Kachi that she got her husband back with powerful love spell with help of Dr Kachi So i sent him an email telling him about my problem how my Boyfriend left me and cheating on me because of her boss lady at work i cry all day and night, but Dr Kachi told me my Boyfriend shall return back to me within 24hrs and to me everything he asked me to do the next day it was all like a dream when he text me and said please forgive me and accept me back exactly what i wanted, i am so happy now as we are back together again. because I never thought my Ex Boyfriend would be back to me so quickly with your spell. You are the best and the world greatest Dr Kachi. if you're having broke up Ex Lover or your husband left you and moved to another woman, You do want to get Pregnant do not feel sad anymore contact: drkachispellcast@gmail.com his Text Number Call: +1 (209) 893-8075 You can reach him Website: https://drkachispellcast0.wixsite.com/my-site

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